Communication interruption in integrated power system

Communication interruptions in integrated power systems can significantly disrupt monitoring, control, and restoration processes, but resilient strategies such as microgrid formation, predictive state...

Communication interruption in integrated power system

Communication interruptions in integrated power systems can significantly disrupt monitoring, control, and restoration processes, but resilient strategies such as microgrid formation, predictive state inference, and distributed control can mitigate their impact.

Causes and Impacts

Communication interruptions in integrated power systems often arise from equipment failures, link disconnections, congestion, or cyberattacks such as Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks targeting the communication network of smart grids . These interruptions can degrade the monitoring and control functions of distribution systems (DS), preventing the acquisition of complete state information for buses and branches, which is critical for post-disaster restoration . In high-voltage applications like Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), communication failures can distort output currents, cause over-voltage in sub-modules, and potentially lead to system shutdowns .

Mitigation Strategies

  1. Resilient Microgrid Formation: When communication is interrupted, the operating states of unobservable DS components can be inferred using known system information. Automated switches can then reconfigure the DS topology to form microgrids powered by distributed generators, allowing partial restoration of power before full communication recovery .
  2. Predictive Control in MMCs: For distributed control architectures, pre-stored phase signals and capacitor voltage tracking can maintain safe operation of sub-modules during communication interruptions, reducing the need for frequent bypassing or shutdowns .
  3. Routing Optimization and Load Balancing: In integrated energy cyber-physical systems, optimizing communication routing and implementing load-balancing strategies can reduce the impact of network attacks and congestion, ensuring critical control commands are transmitted even under adverse conditions .
  4. Temporary Communication Restoration: Mobile base stations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays, and manual maintenance can temporarily restore communication links between operation centers and feeder terminal units, enabling partial control and monitoring during outages .

Standards and Best Practices

Standards such as IEEE 1547-2018 provide guidelines for interconnection and interoperability between distributed energy resources and utility systems, including requirements for response to abnormal conditions, which encompass communication failures . Adhering to these standards ensures that systems are designed with resilience and safety in mind.

Key Takeaways

  • Communication interruptions can compromise system observability, control, and stability in integrated power systems.
  • Resilient strategies like predictive state inference, microgrid formation, and distributed control architectures can maintain partial operation during outages.
  • Cybersecurity and routing optimization are essential to mitigate intentional attacks and congestion.
  • Temporary communication restoration methods and adherence to standards enhance overall system resilience and reliability. By combining these approaches, integrated power systems can maintain operational stability and accelerate recovery even in the presence of communication interruptions.
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